Abdul_ahad

  Symmetric-Key Algorithms  Symmetric-key algorithms use the same key to lock (encrypt) and unlock (decrypt) a message. Types of Symmetric-Key Algorithms: Stream Cipher: Changes the message into secret code one byte at a time . Block Cipher: Changes the message into secret code one block at a time (a block is a group of bytes). Block Cipher vs Stream Cipher  Block Cipher: Encrypts a block of text at a time (usually 64 bits or more). Simple design and logic. Hard to reverse (decrypt) without the key. Slower than stream cipher. Example: AES. Stream Cipher: Encrypts one byte at a time (usually 8 bits). More complex design. Easier to reverse (decrypt) if weakly protected. Faster than block cipher. Famous example: Vernam Cipher . RC4 (Rivest Cipher 4) Created by Ron Rivest in 1987 for RSA Security . RC4 is a stream cipher , known for being fast and simple . It uses a variable key size (usually 64-bit or 128-bit )...

RSA Algorithm in Cryptography (Easy Explanation) The RSA Algorithm is a type of public-key cryptography. This means it uses two different keys : A Public Key – anyone can know and use this. A Private Key – only the receiver should have this, and it must be kept secret. The Public Key is used to lock (encrypt) the message, and the Private Key is used to unlock (decrypt) it. The name RSA comes from the names of the three people who created it: Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir , and Leonard Adleman , in 1977 . Simple Example: If Person A wants to send a secret message to Person B : Person A uses Person B’s Public Key to encrypt the message. Person B uses their Private Key to decrypt and read the message. Here’s how the keys are made: Step 1 : Pick two large prime numbers (these are special numbers that only divide by 1 and themselves), call them p and q . Keep these secret. Step 2 : Multiply them: n = p × q This number n is used in both the public and priva...

  Fault Tolerance Fault tolerance is the system’s ability to continue functioning without interruption , even when one or more of its components fail. It ensures that service remains available , recovers from errors completely and transparently , and handles malfunctions in a way that users may not even notice . However, fault tolerance comes with trade-offs : It may slow down the system , Require more storage and hardware , and Increase operational costs . Thus, fault tolerance is always a balance between cost and the desired level of reliability . Failure vs Error These terms are related but not the same: Error : A defect or flaw in the system's logic or state that might lead to a failure . Errors can exist without causing failure if they are caught or corrected in time. Failure : Happens when the system deviates from its expected behavior , such as becoming unreachable or giving wrong results. A failure is the visible result of one or more errors. In...

  Q: What is a GPU? A: A GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) is a special type of processor designed to handle many tasks at the same time, especially ones involving images and video. While it was first used for graphics in games and displays, now it's also used for things like AI, scientific research, and big data because it can do thousands of small tasks in parallel, taking the load off the CPU. Q: Why are GPUs good for parallel operations? A: GPUs are great at doing many things at once because they have hundreds or even thousands of tiny processing units (called cores). These cores are designed to work together on many parts of a task all at the same time, which makes them perfect for jobs that need lots of simple calculations done quickly. Q: What is the main architectural difference between a CPU and a GPU regarding cores? A: CPUs have a small number of powerful cores designed to do complex tasks one at a time very quickly. GPUs, on the other hand, have many more smaller...

  Did you know YouTube is packed with surprising secrets most people don’t know? In this video, we’re revealing the top 10 random facts about YouTube — from quirky stats to behind-the-scenes stories that’ll totally change the way you see the platform. Before we jump in, make sure to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell so you never miss out on our latest videos. Ready to uncover YouTube’s best-kept secrets? Let’s dive in! Everyone thinks they know YouTube — but beneath the surface, there’s a world of wild trivia and jaw-dropping facts that make this site a true internet powerhouse. 10. It Started Because of a Dinner Party YouTube was created in 2005 by three former PayPal employees who couldn't easily share videos from a dinner party. Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim wanted a simple way to upload and share videos online. This frustration with existing video-sharing methods led to the creation of the platform that would change the internet forever. 9. The Fi...

  Did you know NASCAR has some mind-blowing secrets that even die-hard fans don’t know? In this video, we’re diving into 13 random — and totally unexpected — facts about NASCAR that’ll leave you stunned. From bizarre race-day rituals to little-known rule twists, this is the side of stock car racing you've never seen. Before we drop the green flag, make sure to like, subscribe, and smash that notification bell so you never miss our high-octane content. Strap in — things are about to get wild on the track! While most people know the roar of the engines and the thrill of the speed, there’s a whole lot more going on behind the scenes. These aren’t just facts — they’re the strange, quirky, and jaw-dropping truths that make NASCAR one of the most unpredictable sports on the planet. 13. The Mysterious Pace Car Selection NASCAR pace cars aren't chosen randomly but must undergo secret performance tests including high-speed endurance runs and emergency braking scenarios. Only vehic...

  Did you know Apple’s products in 2025 are full of surprises you probably haven’t heard about? In this video, we’re revealing 12 random facts about Apple products this year — from hidden features to groundbreaking tech innovations that are changing the game. Before we dive in, make sure to like, subscribe, and hit that notification bell so you never miss our tech updates. Ready to see what’s new in the Apple world? Let’s jump in! While everyone knows the basics, these facts show just how much Apple is pushing the limits behind the scenes. These aren’t just gadgets — they’re the future in your hands. 12. The Secret Apple Car Project Revival After years of speculation, Apple quietly resumed their autonomous vehicle project under a new codename. Internal documents revealed they're focusing on revolutionary battery technology that could charge electric vehicles in under five minutes using proprietary wireless charging stations. 11. Vision Pro Gaming Revolution Apple's Visi...

  Did you know 2025 has already been packed with jaw-dropping celebrity drama that most people might have missed? In this video, we’re spilling 15 random facts about celebrity drama in 2025 — from unexpected scandals to wild moments that shook the spotlight. Before we dive in, make sure to like, subscribe, and hit that notification bell so you never miss our latest celebrity updates. Ready for the tea? Let’s get into it! While headlines come and go, these facts reveal the behind-the-scenes chaos and stories that really kept everyone talking. This isn’t just gossip — it’s the drama you need to know. 15. The Great Social Media Purge Multiple A-list celebrities simultaneously deleted their entire Instagram histories in January, sparking conspiracy theories about coordinated damage control. Industry insiders revealed it was actually a planned protest against new AI content policies, but the mystery lasted weeks before the truth emerged. 14. Reality TV Crossover Chaos When three...